【摘要】 目的 了解上海市高中女生月经病相关症状的流行特征、处理方式及获得月经知识和帮助的来源，为青春期生殖健康教育和服务提供参考。方法 采用随机整群抽样的方法，对上海市6个区12所高中学校的高一、高二年级全部女生共2 433人进行自填问卷调查，数据采用SPSS 11.0软件进行统计分析。结果 受调查女生平均年龄为(16.21±0.82)岁，平均初潮年龄为(12.67±1.21)岁。多数受调查女生(66.2%)的学习、生活在经期受到影响。月经病症状在高中女生中普遍存在，自报患病率为66.7%，其中痛经最为常见，自报患病率为60.5%；其次为经期不规则(36.7%)、经血过多(28.5%)。但仅有12.8%的女生因月经病症状而就诊，就诊率最高的是闭经(27.0%)，就诊率最低的是痛经(6.3%)。高中女生获得月经知识和帮助的主要来源是母亲和同学朋友。结论 高中女生月经病症状普遍存在，仅部分女生寻求到有效帮助。有必要加强青春期健康教育和提供相关服务，让女生获得更多的月经知识，提高她们处理月经问题的能力。
【关键词】 月经病；患病率；流行病学研究；学生
【中图分类号】 R 179 G 478.2 R 711.51 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1000－9817(2007)05－0442－03
Prevalence of Menstrual Diseases of High School Girls in Shanghai/TAN Hui*, WEI Meijuan, QIAN Xu, et al. * School of Public Health, Fudan University，Shanghai(200032), China
【Abstract】 Objective To survey the prevalence and management of menstrual problems and their helpseeking sources among senior high school girls in Shanghai, and to provide evidence for adolescents' health education and service. Methods An administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 433 female students in Grade 10 and 11 from 12 senior high schools from 6 districts in Shanghai. Data were analyzed by using SPSS for Windows(version11.0). Results The mean age of the girls was 16.21±0.82 years; their menarche age was 12.67±1.21 years. About 66.2% of the girls complained their periods had influenced their daily life(included study, social activities and others).Menstrual problems were common among female students, and 66.7% reported their adverse experience about menstruation. The most common menstrual problem was dysmenorrhea and the incidence rate was 60.5%. Another two common problems were irregular periods (35.9%) and excessive bleeding(28.5%). However, only 12.8% of the girls had sought doctor's help for their menstrual problems. The highest rate of help seeking behavior was amenorrhea(27.0%) and the lowest was dysmenorrhea(6.3%).Most girls acquired the knowledge about menstruation from their mothers and classmates. Conclusion The menstrual problems of senior highschool girsl are common. But school girls lack knowledge and experience with effective treatment. Health education measures are needed to improve their ability to manage the menstrual problems.
【Key words】 Menopathy;Prevalence;Epidemiologic studies;Students
青春期是女性下丘脑—垂体—卵巢轴以及生殖系统成熟的重要阶段，月经来潮是这一阶段标志性的生理事件。（剩余547字）