摘 要：本文尝试提出了一个研究自然会话中人物指称现象的三分模式。该模式由三部分组成：人物本体层、共享知识层和语言体现层。在人物本体层，我们首先区分了现实世界、话语世界和心理世界三个概念，然后以此为基础，探讨了会话中的人物类型。在共享知识层，我们主要探讨两个问题：一是分析会话双方在涉及各种人物时是如何估计对方的共享知识状态的；二是分析会话双方就对方共享知识状态所作的估计对其选择合适的指称形式有何影响。在语言体现层，我们重点研究说话人在各种不同情况下具体选择哪些语言形式来指称不同类型的人物。
关键词：自然会话； 人物指称； 三分模式
Abstract:This paper makes an attempt to put forward a tripartite approach to the study of reference establishment achieved by speakers.In this tripartite approach,we propose a three_line analysis scheme:human entity analysis;mutual knowledge analysis and linguistic realization analysis.Along the line of human entity analysis,we first make a distinction among actual world,discourse world and mental world.On the basis of this,we distinguish different types of human entity.Along the line of mutual knowledge analysis,we concentrate on two issues.While the first one is concerned with how the speaker and the hearer in conversation make continuous assessments about each other's mutual knowledge,the second one is about the effect these assessments may have on their referential choices concerning different types of human entity.Along the line of linguistic realization analysis,our research focus is on what linguistic forms speakers select to refer to different types of human entity in different circumstances.
Key Words:spontaneous conversation; reference to persons; tripartite approach
中图分类号：H0
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1004-6038(2007)06-0001-06
1.引言
本文拟尝试提出一个研究自然会话中人物指称现象的三分模式。（剩余1667字）