摘 要：布朗和列文森第一次从人类学和哲学的角度提出礼貌和面子问题，然而礼貌的语用研究探讨的不是说话人是否真正对他人友善，而是话语对听话人产生的影响。语用学中的礼貌是说话人为了实现某一交际目的，结合一定的语境条件，通过对不同的语言形式加以选择以改变交际情景或社交关系，或背离现状而采取的策略。礼貌的语用特征表现为其主体性、互补性、灵活性、认知性以及社会层次关系等。
关键词：礼貌概念; 面子; 语体; 主体性; 互补性; 社会层次关系; 灵活性; 认知性
Abstract:Brown and Levinson took the lead in putting forward the politeness and “face" issue from the point of view of anthropology and philosophy; however,the pragmatics in “politeness" does not necessarily mean that the speaker is a kind and good person to other people.It is the effects of the utterance upon the listener that account.Politeness in pragmatics is a system of strategies that the speaker apply to a certain communicative purpose in a certain social context so as to change the social hierarchy or to swerve from the reality of communication through the alternation of varied linguistic forms.The politeness here has exhibited such pragmatic features as subjectiveness,complementariness,flexibility,cognitiveness social hierarchy and so on and so forth.
Key Words:politeness; face; register; subjectiveness; complementariness; social hierarchy; flexibility; cognitiveness
中图分类号：H0
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1004-6038(2006)10-0046-04
0.引言
语言交际是一个复杂的过程，但其基本的环节是表达和理解，表达是从意思到话语，从思考到陈述，说话人通过话语把自己的某种意图传递给对方。（剩余2739字）