（1.郑州大学第三附属医院妇产科，河南 郑州 450052；2.河南省食管癌开放实验室，河南 郑州 450052；
3.新乡医学院人体解剖学教研室，河南 新乡 453003）
摘 要：目的：通过电镜技术观察不同运动负荷下心肌胶原纤维的形态学变化特征。方法：将36只Wistar大鼠随机分成对照（C组）、一般运动负荷组（NS组）、超负荷（O组），每组各12只，分别给予一般负荷、中等负荷、超负荷的运动训练。8周后, 断头处死，取出心脏左心室前壁、左室乳头肌处两组组织块分别作透射和扫描电镜观察。结果：正常组胶原纤维的形态分为粗纤维、细纤维和微细纤维三种；心肌结构完整。一般运动负荷组，心肌束间或肌束内较粗胶原纤维大量增生；心肌细胞体积略显增大，体积增大。超负荷组，心肌细胞间胶原纤维大量增生，心肌束间或心肌束粗大胶原纤维过度增生。结论：运动超负荷可致胶原纤维增生，从而导致心肌扩张功能与收缩功能的降低。
关键词：运动负荷；胶原纤维；超微结构；心脏
中图分类号：G804.2文献标识码：A文章编号：1007-3612(2008)10-1365-04
Morphology Changes of Collagen Fibers in Rats Heart in Electronmicroscope under Different Exercise Loads
ZHAO Bing1,2, WANG Qing-zhi3, WEN Xiao-jun3, WANG Li-dong2, ZHANG Xi1
（1.Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan China; 2. Laboratory of esophageal cancer in
Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan China; 3. Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang 453003, Henan China）
Abstract:Objective: To observe the changes of collagen fibers in rats' cardiac muscle (CM) in electron microscope under different exercise loads. Methods: Thirty-six rats are divided into control group (C group), normal swimming group (NS group) and overload group (O group) .Three groups are given normal, middle and overload swimming training respectively for 8 weeks. Then all rats are killed by decapitation, and taken out the antetheca and papillary muscle of left ventricle, and the changes of collagen fibers are observed through transmission and scanning electron microscope. Result: In control group, crude fibers, small fibers and microfilament of collagen fibers can be seen, and the cardiac muscle architectonic is integrated. In normal swimming group, the crude fibers much increase in muscle bundle blank and muscle bundle inner. And the bulk of cardiac muscle cell slightly increases, the number of mitochondrion increases. In overload group, the crude fibers remarkably increase in muscle bundle blank, and the cardiac muscle architectonic is destroyed. Conclusion: Overload training can lead to the crude fibers of cardiac muscle cell increasing, and it may be lead to broaden function and retracted function depressing.
Key words: exercise load; crude fiber; ultramicrostructure; heart
心肌是由心肌细胞和心肌间质（extracellular matrix, ECM）构成，心肌间质又以胶原纤维为主，构成心肌的框架结构，是维持心脏结构和功能不可缺少的重要组成部分。（剩余773字）