摘要：基于国外学者的元分析、叙事性综述以及2000年之后的研究报告，对身体锻炼与焦虑、抑郁、应激反应、心境状态、自尊和认知功能的关系进行了综述，以期展示锻炼心理学的最新研究进展。研究结果表明，身体锻炼与上述心理健康指标的理想变化有关，其发生作用的效果量整体上为小到中等，但都达到了显著水平。然而，要揭示身体锻炼与心理健康间可能存在的因果关系，以使身体锻炼真正成为传统心理健康疗法的替代或补充，仍任重而道远。还分别探讨了第三变量对身体锻炼与心理健康指标的关系的影响，指出今后对该领域进行大量的“剂量反应”研究的必要性。还对身体锻炼和心理健康的关系研究领域的发展提出了5点建议，即，研究身体锻炼对“积极的心理健康"的促进作用；进行心理健康运动处方的研究；加强身体锻炼与自尊、自我观念及认知功能的关系研究；对研究中额外变量进行控制；并且探索研究中的第三变量。
关键词：身体锻炼；心理健康；焦虑；抑郁；应激反应；心境状态；自尊；认知功能；元分析；叙事性综述；第三变量；剂量反应
中图分类号：G804.8文献标识码：B文章编号：1007-3612(2008)01-0069-07
Development of Research on Exercise Psychology
MAO Zhixiong1, FU Shu1, GAO Yajuan2
(1.Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;2.Beijing Haidian WorkStudy School, Beijing 100095, China)
Abstract:Based on metaanalysis, narrative reports and researches published after 2000, present study reviewed the relationship between physical exercise and anxiety, depression, stress response, mood states, selfesteem, and cognitive function for the purpose of presenting the latest development of exercise psychology. Results indicated that physical exercise has significant relations with the positive changes of the mental health indices mentioned above, although general effect size ranges from “little" to “middle". However, there is still a long way to go to explore their possible causal relation for physical exercise being taken as an essential replacement or supplementary of traditional mental health therapies. The effect of third variable on the relationship between physical exercise and mental health indices was discussed in present study, which addressed the necessity of consequent “doseresponse" studies. Five suggestions were also put forward for future development of this area, that are: 1) relationship between physical exercise and “positive mental health" indices; 2) researches on exercise prescriptions on mental health; 3) relationship between physical exercise and selfesteem, self concept, and cognitive functioning; 4) control of extraneous variables and; 5) exploring the third variables.
Key words: physical exercise; mental health; anxiety; depression; stress response; mood state; selfesteem; cognitive functioning; metaanalysis; narrative report; third variable; “doseresponse" study
进入21世纪以来，锻炼心理学在世界范围内取得了长足的发展。（剩余891字）